Thales of Miletus (ca. 575 BCE)




Fragments:

(1) Most of the first philosophers thought that principles in the form of matter were the only principles of all things. The original source of all that exists—that from which a thing first comes into being and into which it is finally destroyed, the substance persisting but changing its qualities—this they declared to be the first principle [arkhê] of existing things.... They do not agree over their number, however, and over the form of this principle. Thales, the founder of this type of philosophy, says that it is water.... [Aristotle]

(2) Thales seems to have thought that the soul was something kinetic, since he said that the magnet has soul because it moves iron. [ibid.]

(3) And some say that soul is intermingled in the universe. This is perhaps the reason why Thales also thought that all things are full of gods. [ibid.]