3. Wars of Conquest

 

War with King Philip V of Macedonia, 200-197

War with King Antiochus III of Syria, 191-189

War with King Perseus of Macedonia, 172-167 (reorganization of Greece into a form of protectorate)

148-146 BC - Reduction of Macedonia, Achaia, and Carthage (destruction of Carthage and Corinth, province of Macedonia)

(numerous native rebellions and frontier conflicts in Transalpine Gaul, Spain, Lusitania, Sardinia, Illyria, and Thrace)

 

Titus Quinctius Flamininus – defeated Philip V in 197. What to do about Greece? philhellenic stance- all greece would remain free – this angered the Aetolians; discussions with King Antiochus III of Syria at Lysimacheia. War was inevitable.

 

191 outbreak of Syrian War vs. Antiochus III and the Aetolians. First general Man. Acilius Glabrio, ineffective, 190 BC, L. Cornelius Scipio elected cos with his brother Africanus as his legate (cos. II 194 BC), Battle of Magnesia

 

P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus; L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus

 

Cornelii Scipiones were immediately recalled; later tried

 

Cn. Manlius Vulso, cos. 188 – excessive plundering of Asia Minor (Galatia)

 

187 BC L.  Scipio accused of peculation of funds from Antiochus III; his brother went into exile, he was condemned along with a legate and his quaestor in quaestio conducted by Q. Terentius Culleo

 

For a long time the consuls were assigned unprofitable commands in Liguria; abuses by generals

 

M. Porcius Cato censor 184

 

War with King Perseus of Macedonia, 172-167

L. Marcius Philippus – incapable commanders; trimming of allies. Selection of L. Aemilius Paullus for command in 168 BC, long quiet experience in lesser provinces.

Battle of Pydna 168 BC

 

 

H. H. Scullard, Roman Politics 220-168 BC

E. Gruen, The Hellenistic World and the coming of Rome

R. Kallett-Marx, Rome and the Greek East

A. Eckstein, Senate and its Generals