Metaphor

Burke’s analogy of the “great central moltenness” (GM xix) out of which distinctions arise brings into light his idea of the function of rhetoric as the use of words to form attitudes or to induce actions. According to Burke, we are moved to action through language, through a dialectical exchange of symbols and through our desire for identification. The scope of the pentad is not merely the naming of elements (symbols) but the analysis of the interplay between the pentadic elements, or of the ratios, which may point us to places of ambiguity. In order to analyze the interplay, we seek vocabularies that “reflect reality faithfully”; however, by selecting certain words we implicitly deflect reality (GM 59). Viewed in this light, the term “moltenness” may suggest that our selections gain a signified when we utilize them, when we congeal them on the surface; otherwise, symbols, ratios, and vocabularies represent an undistinguishable mass of words: “all the elements are fused into one togetherness” (GM xix). Because we “continually perform new acts” making new judgments about the scope of the context in our interpretations, by selecting terms we select a circumference (GM 90). Burke maintains that every circumference is “a reduction” (GM 96): when we select from the central moltenness we leave out (that is, we reduce). (This is part of how historians make individuations of the past, according to F. R. Ankersmit.) The metaphor Burke utilizes is a very powerful one, as it suggests that words which we do not employ or which we throw back into the central moltedness would be purified by the heat before we utilize them again and thus we offer them a new signified.

AbbyNormal's picture

signifieds as gold

Attaching the term signified to the crusts of meaning I think is helpful here. Along those lines, I've been thinking about Burke's use of Alchemy and Alembic to describe this process. Alchemists were interested, if I'm not mistaken, with the attempted transformation of base materials such as lead (low worth) into gold (high worth). To the extent that signifieds are privileged, I see the link to alchemy. But in the sense that seeing signifieds as moments emerging from the molten mass (lead) reduces their power and worth, I am confused.

Abby, The signifieds arise

Abby,

The signifieds arise from the molten mass (that is, no context but just latency. We give value to signifieds when we place them in context and thus have them congeal on the surface. I think that the importance should be placed on the process not on the worth of the result. Burke does not seem to favor any one view but instead he offers his dramatistic view with which we create places of ambiguity which we should "study and clarify" (xix).

Katherine's picture

Signifier/Signified

Oooh, I like this v. much. How then, do you think Burke would respond to the all-too-common problem of being a signifier without (or divorced from) a signified?

I think that Burke would say

I think that Burke would say that a signifier may be divorced from a signified while in the molten mass. When congealed, the signifier may be accompanied by a chain of signifieds. That is why we need the pentad in order to identify ambiguities, to which the signified point us. Would you agree with my reading of Burke?

Duder's picture

I like this

I really like the way you break down the points Burke is making in your post. How do you think someone’s circumference or eventual reduction of terms can impact the act of rhetoric (I’m thinking about the piece we read about Revolutionary Symbolism and the term “people”). Do you think rhetoricians need to pay attention to and scrutinize all the other possible “signifieds” in the “moltenness” when we select terms for a circumference?

Duder, circumferences are

Duder, circumferences are based on the terms we choose; thet are "narrowing downs" that vary in scope (GM 90). I would assert that anything we say us rhetoric; therefore, circumference (which I would rather call a narrowing of terms rather than a reduction of terms) would both allow us certain liberties in our discourse and restrict us. If we think of terms as having signifieds that send us to other signifieds, we see that It is impossible to scrutinize all the possible signifieds. I think that Burke would assert that all we can do is utilize the pentad in order to determine places of ambiguity that would offer us different perspectives, that would make us understand different motives. Does this make sense?