My horse is not thirsty

After reading the prompt question for this week, the first thing that came to my mind was the old saying: “You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.” In “Identification and “Consubstantiality’” Burke states: “A is not identical with his colleague, B. But insofar as their interests are joined, A is identified with B” (20). If we take this passage and attribute me to A (the person trying to water the horse) and attribute the horse to B (the animal that has decided not to drink in the presence of water) I think we can come to some understanding of the meaning behind Burke’s stress upon the terms “identification” and “consubstantiality” when considering Rhetoric. In the above example, there seems to be a sense of conflict emerging between me and my metaphorical horse, where me (the simpleton of the pair) is vainly attempting to make sure my investment lives by keeping it well nourished and the horse (the seemingly smarter one of the pair) appears to be uninterested in nourishment at this time (possibly due to the fact that it may not be thirsty or maybe my horse as developed some strange fetish and prefers to drink purified bottled water over river water). What we have is a very simple case where me and the horse are at odds and are currently lacking “consubstantiality” and the ability to identify with each other or share a common interest for the taking the trip to the river. And, currently lacking a system of identify between myself and my horse we have a situation where nothing becomes accomplished (unless you consider a wasted trip to the river an accomplishment).

Next, lets expand our inquire. As Burke points out, “we might well keep it in mind that a speaker persuades an audience by the use of stylistic identifications” thus attaching the idea of persuasion to identification and rhetoric (46). So where are we now with the example above? What we have is a situation where person A (me) “may identify himself with B (the horse) even when their interests are not joined, if he assume that they are, or is persuaded to believe so” (20). So, in order for me and my horse to have a fulfilling experience at the river, I must persuade the horse that drinking the river at this time is in both our interests through the idea of “identification” and “consubstantiality.” Thus, if I were able to correlate the horse’s (assumed) desire to maintain it’s own existence and my desire to have a healthy horse or if me and the horse can correlate the horse’s proper time to drink through “identification” we can have a successful trip to the river (or if I can somehow persuade the horse that it is really thirsty).

LKC's picture

I like the analogy. Is it

I like the analogy. Is it absolutely necessary in order to bring about identification to have a clear perception of why the horse won't drink? How important is it to know that he prefers bottled water?

Horses have very good memories. If they get happen to get shocked while drinking water, they will associate that sensation with water and won't drink again, even though it means dying of dehydration. Faced with such strong feelings about water, it seems difficult for the owner to bring B to see in the same way A does. I think there are probably times where it nearly impossible to bring about identification because of such strong experiences and associations. But here, it seems as if it would be necessary to know the root of the problem, and if one didn't, the process of trying to bring about identification would be extremely frustrating.

Duder's picture

Good point

I think you raise a good point here, one that Burke seems to be stressing throughout Rhetoric of Motives. As Burke points out, “Rhetoric deals with the possibilities of classification in its partisan aspects; it considers the ways in which individuals are at odds with one another, or become identified with groups more or less at odds with one another” (22). So with the me and my un-thirsty horse we can assume there is a state of division, "[b]ut put identification and division ambiguously together, so that you cannot know for certain just where one ends and the other begins, and you have the characteristic invitation to rhetoric” (25). I think the power of rhetoric and the way Burke seems to set up the analysis of rhetoric, is that it allows us to examine the situation from many angles and establish multiple interpretations for why there is a conflict between A and B and allows many ways to look at how the situation is, can be, or will be resolved.
Duder's picture

Expanding just a little more

I thought I would attempt to expand on my earlier post just a little and return to the example I presented there in an attempt to keep adding additional interpretations. As regards rhetoric, I first want to address something Blakesley points out in The Elements of Dramatism, specifically “Rhetoric, the aim of which is identification, is only necessary when there is a dispute over meaning, significance, or implication; when, in other words, the basis for identification or cooperation is ambiguous or uncertain” (9). The reason I bring this point up is because I think it might help create a possible understand (or interpretation)to some of what is going on in A Rhetoric of Motives.

Returning to my example then, why not assume that every reason I may have for leading my horse to drink and every reason why the horse is not interested in sipping from the river are parallels of ambiguity. In the same vain, let us assume that I am able to isolate, examine, and then exploit one of those points of ambiguity and thus convince the horse to drink (maybe I told the horse that we would not be taking the trip again for another day and that this was the only opportunity for water intake until our next trip). Then, when I wake the next day and prepare to lead the horse once again to the river I find him (and I’m using him purposefully here) dead because the river was contaminated with a deadly toxin.

Now where are we at this point in the story and what would be my motivation for sharing it? One interpretation may be that I am trying to identify with the reader (you) by sharing and expanding on the common phrase “You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.” But, that interpretation only goes so far. So we can then add an additional interpretation to our analysis and claim that I’m sharing this story as a way to illustrate how the decisions we make in life can come back to hurt us in the future by symbolically killing off the horse which could represent any number of possibilities. Thus, attempting to identify again with you on the assumption that everyone wants to protect their investments and establishing a future need in both of use to scrutinize our actions well in advance in order to avoid possible harm from our actions. Finishing up then, how about we take my example and switch the participants: Make A a rebellious faction in a foreign country looking to overthrow their government which B, the United States, is in constant conflict with. If A can persuade B to help then we have identification of cause, but what happens when A accomplishes its goal and then (instead of becoming ill and dieing like the horse) becomes and enemy of B?
Dee Drive's picture

Cheeky Cheeky

...Naughty sneaky...

I think I know what you're referring to with that last example...or maybe I don't! The "B" has pursued this line so many times and in so many different countries that it actually is difficult to tell if you are talking about Iraq, Vietnam, San Salvador or someplace else entirely!

I think the answer to your question is all to obvious by now. What "happens" is hardly ever what "B" intends. Perhaps this is a good example of what can happen when the power of identification is wielded by an Iago-like figure incapable of real consubstantiation beyond the simple protection of its own interests. I think we all know that that "B" cares little about human rights if it can't use it to protect and project the reach of its coffers.