Faisal Saied
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INCITE proposal prep pdf

  Running hpl


ITaP Lunch Series, August 22, 2006

Important reports on High Performance Computing:
1982:   Lax report: Large Scale Computing in Science and Engineering
1993:   Branscomb report: From desktop to Teraflop: Exploiting the U.S. lead in High Performance Computing
1995:   Hayes report: Future of the NSF Supercomputing Centers Program
2003:   Atkins report: Revolutionizing Science and Engineering through Cyberinfrastructure
2005:   NRC: Getting up to Speed: The Future of Supercomputing
2005:   PITAC: Computational Science: Ensuring America's Competitiveness
NSF Investing in America's Future. Strategic Plan 2006 - 2011
Jan 20, 2006:   NSF's Cyberinfrastructure Vision for 21st Century Discovery

Report of the High Performance Computing Town Hall Meeting, Science, Requirements, and Benchmarks. October 17, 2005, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Ingredients of an Advanced Cyberinfrastructure
A. High Performance Computing (Path to the Petaflop)
B. Data, Data Analysis & Visualization
C. Collaboration, Communication & Remote Access
D. Education & Training

NSF Goals:
Creating a World-Class HPC Environment to enable Petascale Science and Engineering
See also PPT slides from NSF's Office of Cyberinfrastructure (OCI).


DoE, Office of Science, SciDAC SciDAC-2: The Next Phase of Discovery

In the Petascale RFP the National Science Foundations poses the following questions, and states that HPC can help researchers answer them.
1.    What are the three-dimensional structures of all of the proteins encoded by an organism's genome and how does structure influence function, both spatially and temporally?
2.    What patterns of emergent behavior occur in models of very large societies?
3.    How do massive stars explode and produce the heaviest elements in the periodic table?
4.    What sort of abrupt transitions can occur in Earth's climate and ecosystem structure? How do these occur and under what circumstances?
5.    If we could design catalysts atom-by-atom, could we transform industrial synthesis?
6.    What strategies might be developed to optimize management of complex infrastructure systems?
7.    What kind of language processing can occur in large assemblages of neurons?
8.    Can we enable integrated planning and response to natural and man-made disasters that prevent or minimize the loss of life and property?


Some applications areas that need HPC
    Climate Modeling
    Weather Forecasting
    Storm Modeling
    Computational Nanotechnology
    Astrophysics
    Cosmology
    Numerical Relativity
    High Energy Physics
    Quantum Chromodynamics
    Condensed Matter Physics
    Computational Fluid Dynamics
    Numerical Wind Tunnel; Aircraft design
    Molecular Dynamics
    Proteomics
    BioInformatics
    Ion Channel Simulations
    Virus Structure
    Bio-medical Informatics
    Bio-medical Engineering
    Drug Design
    Geophysics
    Seismic Modeling
    Oil Reservoir Simulations
    Earthquake modeling, engineering
    Groundwater modeling
    Aeronautical engineering
    Computational Chemistry
    Crash testing (automotive industry)
    Nuclear Engineering


Centers
    RCAC
    TACC
    NCSA
    NERSC
    SDSC
    OSC
    RENCI, UNC
    SI, Mn
    CCT, LSU
    OSCER


Architectures
    IBM BlueGene/L
    Mare Nostrum (IBM JS20)
    Bigred (IBM JS21)
    IBM p690
    Earth Simulator
    Cray XT3
    Cray X1
    SGI Altix
    Xeon Linux cluster
    Opteron cluster


Advanced Processor Architectures
    IBM
        Power6
        PowerPC
        Cell
    Intel
        64 bit Xeon
        Itanium 2
        Woodcrest
        Multi-core
    AMD
        Opteron
   

Interconnection Technologies
    Mricom
    Infiniband
    10 Gigabit Ethernet
    Gigabit Ethernet


Parallel Applications/Community Codes
    MILC
    LAMMPS
    Cactus
    CCSM
    Enzo
    Gaussian
    WRF
    LS-DYNA
    NAMD
    sPPM
    ZEUS-MP


Data Intensive Computing
    Biology Workbench
    Blast
    CMS, Tier 2
    National Virtual Observatory
    Sloan Digital Sky Survey
    BIRN
    Data-mining


Parallel Programming
    MPI
    OpenMPI
    OpenMP
    P-Threads
    Parallel I/O
    Co-array Fortran
    Unified Parallel C
    TotalView
    Guide


Parallel Performance Analysis
    TAU
    PAPI
    MPIP
    MPE, Jumpshot
    Vampir
    Paraver
    Dimemas
    svPABLO
    HPM
    VTune
    Intel Cluster Tools (MPI, OpenMP, Intel Trace Analyzer and Collector for Linux, MKL)
    Ganglia


Useful Compiler Optimizations
    Loop unrolling
    Pre-fetching
    Software pipeling
    Loop fission
    Loop fusion
    Branch prediction
    Interprocedural Anaysis
    Inlining
    Vectorization
    Architecture specific compilation
    Risky Optimizations:
        Relax IEEE 754 compliance
        re-order floating point operations
        Alter rounding; no gradual underflow
    Data dependency analysis
    Latency hiding
    Profile-guided optimizations
    OpenMP directives
    Automatic parallelization


Benchmarks
    NSF benchmarks
    SPEC HPC
    Top 500
    Kazushge Goto
    HPC Challenge
    Stream
    NetPIPE
    Pallas
    NAS Parallel Benchmark
    NCSA Bench
    ONRL Cray X1 Evaluation
   


Parallel Scientific Libraries
    PETSc
    FFTw
    ScaLAPACK
    PARPACK
    NAG
    Hypre
    SuperLU


Computational Problems; Algorithms
    Sparse Matrix Methods
    Krylov Subspace Solvers
    Multiscale Methods
    Multigrid
    Algebraic Multigrid
    Domain Decomposition
    Lanczos, Arnoldi
    Trace Minimization
    Jacobi-Davidson
    Preconditioners
    Sparse Direct Solvers
    SVD
    FFT
    Wavelet transform
    Fast Multipole Method
    Fast Poisson Solvers
    Spectral Methods
    Finite Element Method
    Mesh Generation
    Graph partitioning
    Automatic Differentiation
    Nonlinear Solvers, Newton-Krylov-Schwarz
    Time-stepping methods
    Nonlinear least squares solvers
    Optimization Methods


Scientific Visualization
    Cactus
    Galaxy
    LBL Vignettes
    Rossmann: cold virus
    Mike Norman: Orion Nebula
    UIUC, CSAR
    NERSC: Fuel Cells
    NERSC: Galaxy simulation
    NERSC: Photosynthesis
    NERSC: Richtmyer-Meshkov instability
    NERSC: SuperLU, Tokamak
    NERSC: Gamma ray burst 1
    NERSC: Gamma ray burst 2
    NERSC: Fusion waves
    NERSC: Mis-folding
    NERSC: CdSe Nanocrystals
    PSC: Schulten-1     PSC: Schulten-2
    SchultenL Aquaporin


Science Portals
    Nanohub
    Biology Workbench
    GridChem
    NCBI
    GridPort
    NCSA Alliance Science Portal
    List of Science Portals


Grid Computing
    Northwest Indiana Computational Grid
    Teragrid
    Open Science Grid
    UK E-Science
    Condor
    Optiputer
    LHC Computing Grid
    seti@home
    Globus
    IBM On demand computing