Bibliography for Augustus:

 

V. Garthausen, Augustus und Seiner Zeit;

 

 T. Rice Holmes, The architect of the Roman empire. Oxford, The Clarendon press, 1928-31

 

Mason Hammond, The Augustan principate in theory and practice during the Julio-Claudian period.

 

A.              H. M. Jones, Augustus, NY 1971

 

R. Syme, The Roman Revolution, Oxford 1939

 

David Shotter, Augustus Caesar, London ; New York : Routledge, 1991

 

 

Princeps – tribunician power for life, 10 year grants of proconsular imperium, for all military provinces.

 

Consulship? 28-23 BC; suffect consuls

 

Pompey the Great 55 BC, legati

 

Augustus == well augured

 

Conversion of the Equestrian Order into a formal Civil Service

 

Census of 86 BC – 480,000; 70 BC – 900,000; 23 BC – 5,000,000

 

SENATE

CONSILIUM

PRINCEPS

FISCUS

AMICI

Tribunal,

Senatorial elections,

 

Imperial legates dispatched to Imperial provinces

(legati propraetore)

Prefects (equestrian offices appointed by the princes)

 

Private “estate” of the imperial family, including Egypt

Kitchen cabinet, private council consulted by the Princeps at his leisure

Senatorial Provinces (proconsuls)

Curators:

Public works

Waterworks

Tiber flooding

Annonae

Roads

Urban Prefect

Praetorian Pref.

Praef. Annonae

Pref. of the Fleet

Pref. of Traffic

Military prefects

Administered by procurators (imperial freedmen)

(Maecenas)

Aerarium Saturni

(State Treasury)

Treasury:

Aerarium Saturni (2 praetors)

Aerarium militare (3 ex praetors)

 

 

 

 

 

Equites of the Republic, relatives of Roman senators, 400,000 HS

 

1800 Knights in the 18 centuries

 

Vigiles Stationes

 

P. Masson, Roman Navy in Britain.

 

Provinces 14 AD,

 

Consular provinces, Dalmatia, Lower Germany, Upper Germany , Moesia, Pannonia, Syria, Spain Tarraconensis

 

Praetorian Provs: Aquitania, Belgica, Galatia, Gallia Lugdunensis, Lusitania, Pamphylia

 

Equestrian provinces, the Maritime Alps, Judaea, Noricum, Rhaetia, Sardinia-Corsica

 

Imperium sine fine

 

Imperial procurators – rise of imperial freedmen

 

Libertus ab epistulis, a rationibus, a libellis, a cognitionibus, a studiis

 

Tribunician power enabled Emperor to hear cases on appeal

 

Corpus Iuris Civilis, Digest, A. Watson